越南槐根的抗HIV活性成分研究

为研究越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis)根的抗HIV蛋白酶活性成分及其分子对接机制,采用硅胶、MCI、Sephadex LH-20等多种色谱分离方法,对越南槐根的化学成分进行分离,采用HIV蛋白酶对化合物进行体外抗HIV活性筛选,运用分子对接手段初步探究活性化合物与HIV-1蛋白酶的结合机制。结果表明,从越南槐中共分离得到8个化合物,根据波谱数据分别鉴定为三叶豆紫檀苷(1)、苦参碱(2)、N-acetylnicotinamide (3)、2′-O-甲基腺苷(4)、毛蕊异黄酮苷(5)、玫瑰花苷(6)、环广豆根素(7)、芒柄花苷(8),此外还分离得到塑化剂衍生物邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(9)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(10)。抗HIV蛋白酶活性测试显示化合物1和2的IC50分别为13.2和38.6μg/m L,分子对接表明其与HIV蛋白酶有一定的结合作用。化合物3～5为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1和2显示中等的抗HIV蛋白酶活性。     

Study of the Biological Activity and Phenolic Content of the Ethanol Extract of Phyllogonium viride Brid. (Phyllogoniaceae,Bryophyta)

The present study aimed to examine the phenolic content and evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of ethanol extracts from the moss species Phyllogonium viride Brid. on the pathogenic bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, and the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The antimicrobial activity was determined from Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. Folin-Denis reagent was used for the content of total phenolics and flavonoids and HPLC-DAD for identification of phenolic compounds. The results showed that bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities occurred at concentrations ranging from 9.76 μg/mL–78.13 μg/mL among all evaluated microorganisms. These values, considering the criteria used, suggest the P. viride extract as a potent antimicrobial. For antioxidant activity, P. viride extract was considered weak. Analysis of the phenolic content showed a wide range of compounds, with Kaempferol (0.41 mg/g) being the major compound, followed by t-cinnamic acid and caffeic acid (0.17 mg/g). Although P. viride is a species of moss not yet referenced in scientific publications of biotechnological interest, it has shown promising potential for further studies and possible application as an antimicrobial of natural origin.     

无量山种子植物的区系平衡点

在较为完善的分类学处理后所得的包含207科,1026属,2540种植物的名录基础上,本文初步报道了地处滇中南的无量山的种子植物区系组成的初步结果,并在山体各海拔段进行了属的分布区类型每一类分布的详尽统计,得出了热带和温带两大基本成分在无量山达到平衡（各占50％）海拔点,称之为区系平衡点。该点从历史角度看可以反映无量山种子植物区系成分随自然历史变迁所发生的演变,从现实看表明了该地植物区系的过渡性质,同时,寓意着我国亚热带地区客观存在着一条区系平衡线,并且,该点还是热带成分的一个重要性限制点;另一方面可以作为植物引种和选择引种驯化锻炼基地的一个参考指标。     

脓青素对光抑制条件下菠菜叶绿体的保护作用

在有氧条件下,脓青素可以缓解强光对菠菜叶绿体电子传递的抑制作用。加入解联剂尼日利亚菌素消除跨膜质子梯度会加剧叶绿体的光抑制,但脓青素的保护作用并不消失。脓青素对光系统Ⅰ与光系统Ⅱ均表现出保护作用,但对ＰＳⅡ的保护在光抑制初期较明显;在厌氧条件下,脓青素加剧叶绿体的光抑制,引起ＤＣＩＰ光还原与水到ｐ－ＢＱ电子传递活力的降低。推测脓青素可能通过促进细胞色素ｂ５５９介导的ＰＳⅡ循环电子传递,减轻了叶绿体的光抑制。     

植酸对稻米品质影响的研究（Ⅰ）

本文报道在水稻生长的抽穗期、齐穗期、灌浆期和蜡熟期喷施不同浓度植酸改良稻米品质的研究。结果表明,在水稻生长的不同阶段,控制喷施植酸浓度可提高糙米率,降低稻米垩白。     

Effect of Root Zone Temperature on the Mineral Composition of Xylem Sap and Plasma Membrane K+-Mg++-ATPase Activity of Grafted-Cucumber and -Figleaf Gourd Root Systems

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were grafted onto cucumber-(CG) or figleaf gourd- (FG, Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché)seedlings in order to determine the effect of solution temperature(12, 22, and 32°C) on the mineral composition of xylem sapand the plasma membrane K⁺-Mg⁺⁺-ATPase activities of the roots.Low solution temperature (12°C) lowered the concentrationof NO^–₃ and H₂PO^–₄ in xylem sap of CG plants butnot of FG plants. Concentrations of K⁺, Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ in xylemsap were less affected than anions by solution temperature.The plasma membrane of FG plants grown in 12°C solutiontemperature showed the highest K⁺- Mg⁺⁺-ATPase activity at allATP concentrations up to 3 mM and at low reaction temperatureup to 12°C, indicating resistance of figleaf gourd to lowroot temperature. (Received December 27, 1994; Accepted March 10, 1995)     

Yeast colonizing the intestine of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and turbot (Scophtalmus maximus)

Yeast were isolated from the intestine of farmed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), turbot (Scophtalmus maximus), and free-living flat-fish (Pleuronectes platessa and P. flesus). The average number of viable yeasts recovered from farmed rainbow trout was 3.0 × 10³ and 0.5 × 10² cells per gram homogenized intestine for white and red-pigmented yeasts, respectively. The dominant species were Debaryomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula rubra, and R. glutinis. In 5 of 10 free-lving marine fish, > 100 viable yeast cells per gram intestinal mucus were recovered. Red-pigmented yeasts dominated and composed >90% of the isolates. Colonization experiments were performed by inoculating rainbow trout and turbot with fish-specific, isolated yeast strains and by examining the microbial intestinal colonization at intervals. Inoculation of experimental fish with pure cultures of R. glutinis and D. hansenii HF1 yielded colonization at a level several orders of magnitude higher than before the inoculation. Up to 3.8 × 10⁴, 3.1 × 10⁶, and 2.3 × 10⁹ viable yeast cells per gram intestine or feces were recovered in three separate colonization experiments. The high level of colonizing yeasts persisted for several weeks. The concentrations of yeasts in the tank water never exceeded 10³ viable cells per milliliter. No traces of fish sickness as a result of high yeast colonization were recorded during any of the colonization experiments. For periods of the experiments, the concentration of aerobic bacteria in the fish intestine was lower than the intestinal yeast concentration. Scanning electron microscopy studies demonstrated a close association of the yeasts with the intestinal mucosa. The mucosal colonization was further demonstrated by separating intestinal content, mucus, and tissue. All compartments were colonized by >10³ viable yeast cells per gram. No bacteria were detected on the micrographs, indicating that their affinity for the intestinal mucosa was less than that of the yeasts. Correspondence to: Thomas Andtid     

Sodium currents in toad cardiac pacemaker cells

Cells in the pacemaker region of toad (Bufo marinus) sinus venosus had spontaneous rhythmic action potentials. The rate of firing of action potentials, the rate of diastolic depolarization and the maximum rate of rise of action potentials were reduced by TTX (10 nm to 1 m). Currents were recorded with the whole cell, tight seal technique from cells enzymatically dissociated from this region. Cells studied were identified as pacemaker cells by their characteristic morphology, spontaneous rhythmic action potential activity that could be blocked by cobalt but not by TTX and lack of inward rectification. When calcium, potassium and nonselective cation currents (I_f) activated by hyperpolarization were blocked, depolarization was seen to generate transient and persistent inward currents. Both were sodium currents: they were abolished by tetrodotoxin (10 to 100 nm), their reversal potential was close to the sodium equilibrium potential and their amplitude and reversal potential were influenced as expected for sodium currents when extracellular sodium ions were replaced with choline ions. The transient sodium current was activated at potentials more positive than –40 mV while the persistent sodium current was obvious at more negative potentials. It was concluded that, in toad pacemaker cells, TTX-sensitive sodium currents contributing both to the upstroke of action potentials and to diastolic depolarization may play an important role in setting heart rate.We thank the Australian National Heart Foundation for their support. D.A.S. is an NHMRC Senior Research Officer.     

北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究 Ⅹ.不同尺度下群落样带的β多样性及分形分析

选取不同尺度,采用β多样性指数和分形分析方法对东灵山暖温带森林样带上群落多样性随海拔梯度的空间变异规律进行了研究。结果表明,１）Ｃｏｄｙ指数揭示出乔木层在取样尺度２０ｍ和灌木层在取样尺度８０ｍ时,随海拔梯度变化呈明确的物种替代规律性;乔木层和灌木层在同一地点的物种替代速率具有互补性;群落多样性的空间变异在样带的起始（山底）和终止（山顶）地段较高。２）笔者提出的群落结构变异（ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅＶａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ,ＣＳＶ）指数介于０～１之间,作为Ｃｏｄｙ指数的改进,它对群落多样性沿环境梯度变化的揭示更接近于实际情况;ＣＳＶ指数分析显示乔木层在＞４０ｍ取样尺度,灌木层＞２０ｍ取样尺度群落结构出现明确变异规律;物种丰富度（Ｃｏｄｙ指数）和群落结构（ＣＳＶ指数）变化规律性的表现尺度（取样尺度）不同。３）分形分析的结果,乔木主林层在２００ｍ内不同尺度间不存在相关规律,乔木更新层只在＜４０ｍ尺度显示出尺度依赖性,灌木层的尺度依赖特征则表现为小尺度变异显著而较大尺度上变异程度降低;乔木更新层与灌木层的异质性规律发生显著变化（拐点）的尺度不同,分别为４０ｍ和９０～１００ｍ。同时,还对群落学研究中的取样尺度问题进行了探讨。